The Cosmological Principle 1

 

   Here is the first text, which opens a series of articles devoted to the basics of cosmology and astrophysics. Much of the article is based on my books: Let's Fantasize About the Universe and the Essence of the Material Entity ("Headlines" 2004). It should be added that since then significant progress has been made thanks to the development of matters - many new discoveries and progress in the process of understanding. Today I am even more convinced that I went in my consideration in the right direction. In 2018 I published (in Poland) a book: "Universe of Dual Gravity" (920 pages). This book forms the main basis for the content of the articles I intend to publish.

    I argue that all discussions and even studies in the cosmological context should start from this principle. It serves as an assumption here as well. In fact, any theory that claims to be a correct description of the universe must be consistent with this principle, and this thing should even be a criterion of its correctness.

    The cosmological principle says that the properties of the universe in the eyes of the observer do not depend on its location. When you look at the sky, no matter which direction, you see the same thing. The universe is isotropic. No matter what galaxy we are in, we basically see the same thing. We do not occupy a special place. All places are equal to each other. If this is true, then even determining the center of the universe is really impossible, in fact a center does not exist, or is everywhere. After all, every observer states that he is the center of the universe. Subjective and objective. The existence of the only absolute center would have violated the principle. In other words, the universe is a non-local entity.

   The first in the history of modern times to replace the reference system in astronomical research, and transfer it from the Earth to the sun, was Mykolai Copernicus (1473–1543).

In so doing he brought about a great intellectual revolution, created a basis for the development of science, free from theological imperatives. The cosmological principle is an apt expression of this. For this reason, it is accepted that the principle is attributed to it and received its name, although more openly its meaning was expressed by Giordano Bruno (Giordano Bruno 1548 - 1600). His views led him to burn at the stake. Indeed, true opinions are dangerous to their proclaimers. Only 400 years ago? How is it today? What about bad views, falsehoods, and lies? They are dangerous to all of humanity. But they actually win the vote. Long live democracy!

   The cosmological principle has been accepted in science as an a priori thesis, like an axiom in mathematics, that conforms to our conception in the depths of cognitive intuition. This does not automatically mean, however, that all conclusions and interpretations based on it are correct and consistent with each other. On the basis of the principle we will try to construct the universe, that is, to guess its immanent properties. Will the results of the observation confirm our hypotheses? If not, we'll keep looking. Do all the properties of the universe, expected on the basis of the cosmological principle, conform to the contemporary views of science? If not, then what is wrong? We will also devote our attention to this. Therefore we are asked: What are the immanent properties of the universe, arising from the cosmological principle? First and foremost one should expect that in the whole universe the structure of matter is the same, one should expect the existence of the same chemical elements and the same properties of radiation and of the atoms, also expect the same properties of basic physical phenomena, the same laws of nature. The astronomical observation confirms the justification of these expectations, then indirectly also the cosmological principle. But that's not all.